# The Periodic Table of Databases

> The top 118 databases in the September 2026 DB-Engines popularity ranking, arranged in the 118-element periodic-table layout.

Source: https://www.bytebase.com/database-periodic-table/

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## How to read the table

Each tile is one database. The number is its position in the DB-Engines popularity ranking for September 2026: element 1 is the most popular system in the world, element 118 the least popular of the top 118. The two-letter symbol is an editorial abbreviation, not an official one.

Color marks the database model each system is best known for: relational, document, key–value, wide column, search, time series, vector, or graph. Many databases support more than one model, so multi-model systems are placed by their leading model, and the detail view lists everything DB-Engines records. Positions follow the real periodic table, so ranks 57–71 and 89–103 sit in the two detached rows where the lanthanides and actinides go.

Popularity is not quality, performance, or market share. DB-Engines scores search interest, job postings, and developer discussion, and republishes the ranking monthly. This snapshot was taken on 2026-09-10.

Ranks and scores: DB-Engines, September 2026; snapshot retrieved 2026-09-10. Database symbols are editorial abbreviations.

## Relational

Tables, SQL, and structured records

### 1. Oracle (Or)

DB-Engines popularity score: 1122.27. Database model: Relational, Multi-model. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/Oracle).

### 2. MySQL (My)

DB-Engines popularity score: 844.82. Database model: Relational, Multi-model. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/MySQL).

### 3. Microsoft SQL Server (Ms)

DB-Engines popularity score: 698.69. Database model: Relational, Multi-model. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/Microsoft+SQL+Server).

### 4. PostgreSQL (Pg)

DB-Engines popularity score: 683.26. Database model: Relational, Multi-model. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/PostgreSQL).

### 6. Snowflake (Sn)

DB-Engines popularity score: 211.61. Database model: Relational. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/Snowflake).

### 7. Databricks (Db)

DB-Engines popularity score: 168.34. Database model: Multi-model. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/Databricks).

### 9. IBM Db2 (Ib)

DB-Engines popularity score: 110.57. Database model: Relational, Multi-model. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/IBM+Db2).

### 10. SQLite (Sq)

DB-Engines popularity score: 97.05. Database model: Relational. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/SQLite).

### 13. MariaDB (Ma)

DB-Engines popularity score: 74.42. Database model: Relational, Multi-model. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/MariaDB).

### 15. Microsoft Azure SQL Database (Az)

DB-Engines popularity score: 70.84. Database model: Relational, Multi-model. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/Microsoft+Azure+SQL+Database).

### 16. Apache Hive (Hv)

DB-Engines popularity score: 70.11. Database model: Relational. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/Apache+Hive).

### 17. Microsoft Access (Ac)

DB-Engines popularity score: 63.06. Database model: Relational. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/Microsoft+Access).

### 19. Google BigQuery (Bq)

DB-Engines popularity score: 52.58. Database model: Relational. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/Google+BigQuery).

### 22. SAP HANA (Ha)

DB-Engines popularity score: 33.18. Database model: Relational, Multi-model. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/SAP+HANA).

### 23. Teradata (Te)

DB-Engines popularity score: 31.18. Database model: Relational, Multi-model. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/Teradata).

### 24. FileMaker (Fm)

DB-Engines popularity score: 30.16. Database model: Relational. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/FileMaker).

### 25. SAP Adaptive Server (Sy)

DB-Engines popularity score: 26.06. Database model: Relational, Multi-model. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/SAP+Adaptive+Server).

### 26. ClickHouse (Ch)

DB-Engines popularity score: 25.83. Database model: Relational, Multi-model. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/ClickHouse).

### 27. PostGIS (Gi)

DB-Engines popularity score: 23.85. Database model: Spatial, Multi-model. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/PostGIS).

### 28. Apache Spark (SQL) (Sk)

DB-Engines popularity score: 23.32. Database model: Relational. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/Apache+Spark+%28SQL%29).

### 32. Microsoft Fabric (Mf)

DB-Engines popularity score: 19.41. Database model: Relational. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/Microsoft+Fabric).

### 34. Firebird (Fb)

DB-Engines popularity score: 17.43. Database model: Relational. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/Firebird).

### 35. Amazon Redshift (Rs)

DB-Engines popularity score: 16.46. Database model: Relational. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/Amazon+Redshift).

### 36. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics (Sa)

DB-Engines popularity score: 16.18. Database model: Relational. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/Microsoft+Azure+Synapse+Analytics).

### 39. Informix (If)

DB-Engines popularity score: 12.88. Database model: Relational, Multi-model. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/Informix).

### 40. Apache Flink (Fl)

DB-Engines popularity score: 11.51. Database model: Relational. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/Apache+Flink).

### 41. Apache Impala (Im)

DB-Engines popularity score: 11.10. Database model: Relational, Multi-model. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/Apache+Impala).

### 42. DuckDB (Du)

DB-Engines popularity score: 10.60. Database model: Relational. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/DuckDB).

### 43. H2 (H2)

DB-Engines popularity score: 9.65. Database model: Relational, Multi-model. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/H2).

### 44. Amazon Aurora (Au)

DB-Engines popularity score: 9.57. Database model: Relational, Multi-model. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/Amazon+Aurora).

### 50. Trino (Tr)

DB-Engines popularity score: 7.78. Database model: Relational, Multi-model. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/Trino).

### 51. Vertica (Ve)

DB-Engines popularity score: 7.74. Database model: Relational, Multi-model. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/Vertica).

### 55. dBASE (Dbs)

DB-Engines popularity score: 6.77. Database model: Relational. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/dBASE).

### 59. Presto (Pr)

DB-Engines popularity score: 6.18. Database model: Relational. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/Presto).

### 60. Netezza (Nz)

DB-Engines popularity score: 5.95. Database model: Relational. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/Netezza).

### 64. Greenplum (Gp)

DB-Engines popularity score: 5.58. Database model: Relational, Multi-model. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/Greenplum).

### 70. Oracle Essbase (Oe)

DB-Engines popularity score: 4.35. Database model: Relational. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/Oracle+Essbase).

### 72. CockroachDB (Cr)

DB-Engines popularity score: 4.23. Database model: Multi-model. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/CockroachDB).

### 78. Alibaba Cloud PolarDB (Po)

DB-Engines popularity score: 3.40. Database model: Relational. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/Alibaba+Cloud+PolarDB).

### 79. Interbase (In)

DB-Engines popularity score: 3.39. Database model: Relational. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/Interbase).

### 82. TiDB (Ti)

DB-Engines popularity score: 3.30. Database model: Relational, Multi-model. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/TiDB).

### 84. OpenEdge (Op)

DB-Engines popularity score: 3.17. Database model: Relational. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/OpenEdge).

### 87. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer (Ad)

DB-Engines popularity score: 3.09. Database model: Relational, Multi-model. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/Microsoft+Azure+Data+Explorer).

### 88. Ingres (Ig)

DB-Engines popularity score: 3.08. Database model: Relational. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/Ingres).

### 89. SingleStore (Ss)

DB-Engines popularity score: 3.05. Database model: Relational, Multi-model. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/SingleStore).

### 91. Apache Derby (De)

DB-Engines popularity score: 3.00. Database model: Relational. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/Apache+Derby).

### 93. Google Cloud Spanner (Gs)

DB-Engines popularity score: 2.97. Database model: Relational. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/Google+Cloud+Spanner).

### 94. SAP SQL Anywhere (Aw)

DB-Engines popularity score: 2.95. Database model: Relational. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/SAP+SQL+Anywhere).

### 101. HyperSQL (Hs)

DB-Engines popularity score: 2.59. Database model: Relational. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/HyperSQL).

### 113. SAP IQ (Si)

DB-Engines popularity score: 2.23. Database model: Relational. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/SAP+IQ).

### 116. YugabyteDB (Yb)

DB-Engines popularity score: 2.16. Database model: Relational, Multi-model. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/YugabyteDB).

### 118. OceanBase (Ob)

DB-Engines popularity score: 2.15. Database model: Multi-model. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/OceanBase).

## Document

Flexible, nested records

### 5. MongoDB (Mg)

DB-Engines popularity score: 381.31. Database model: Document, Multi-model. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/MongoDB).

### 31. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB (Cs)

DB-Engines popularity score: 20.35. Database model: Multi-model. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/Microsoft+Azure+Cosmos+DB).

### 37. Firebase Realtime Database (Fr)

DB-Engines popularity score: 14.96. Database model: Document. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/Firebase+Realtime+Database).

### 45. Couchbase (Cb)

DB-Engines popularity score: 9.43. Database model: Multi-model. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/Couchbase).

### 48. Google Cloud Firestore (Fs)

DB-Engines popularity score: 8.87. Database model: Document. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/Google+Cloud+Firestore).

### 58. Realm (Rm)

DB-Engines popularity score: 6.41. Database model: Document. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/Realm).

### 61. CouchDB (Co)

DB-Engines popularity score: 5.94. Database model: Document, Multi-model. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/CouchDB).

### 74. Apache Jackrabbit (Ja)

DB-Engines popularity score: 3.82. Database model: Content. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/Apache+Jackrabbit).

### 75. MarkLogic (Ml)

DB-Engines popularity score: 3.81. Database model: Multi-model. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/MarkLogic).

### 80. Arango (Ar)

DB-Engines popularity score: 3.38. Database model: Multi-model. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/Arango).

### 81. Google Cloud Datastore (Gd)

DB-Engines popularity score: 3.33. Database model: Document. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/Google+Cloud+Datastore).

### 95. Adabas (Ab)

DB-Engines popularity score: 2.81. Database model: Multivalue. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/Adabas).

### 110. IBM Cloudant (Ic)

DB-Engines popularity score: 2.33. Database model: Document. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/IBM+Cloudant).

### 111. RavenDB (Rv)

DB-Engines popularity score: 2.26. Database model: Document, Multi-model. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/RavenDB).

### 112. Rockset (Ro)

DB-Engines popularity score: 2.24. Database model: Document, Multi-model. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/Rockset).

### 115. RethinkDB (Rt)

DB-Engines popularity score: 2.19. Database model: Document, Multi-model. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/RethinkDB).

## Key–value

Direct lookups by key

### 8. Redis (Re)

DB-Engines popularity score: 158.06. Database model: Key-value, Multi-model. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/Redis).

### 18. Amazon DynamoDB (Dy)

DB-Engines popularity score: 56.36. Database model: Multi-model. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/Amazon+DynamoDB).

### 38. Memcached (Mc)

DB-Engines popularity score: 13.06. Database model: Key-value. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/Memcached).

### 52. etcd (Et)

DB-Engines popularity score: 7.36. Database model: Key-value. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/etcd).

### 68. Hazelcast (Hz)

DB-Engines popularity score: 4.52. Database model: Key-value, Multi-model. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/Hazelcast).

### 73. Aerospike (Ae)

DB-Engines popularity score: 4.12. Database model: Multi-model. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/Aerospike).

### 76. RocksDB (Rk)

DB-Engines popularity score: 3.79. Database model: Key-value. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/RocksDB).

### 77. Oracle NoSQL (On)

DB-Engines popularity score: 3.57. Database model: Multi-model. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/Oracle+NoSQL).

### 86. Riak KV (Ri)

DB-Engines popularity score: 3.13. Database model: Key-value. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/Riak+KV).

### 97. Apache Ignite (Ai)

DB-Engines popularity score: 2.75. Database model: Multi-model. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/Apache+Ignite).

### 99. Ehcache (Eh)

DB-Engines popularity score: 2.73. Database model: Key-value. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/Ehcache).

### 102. Valkey (Vk)

DB-Engines popularity score: 2.58. Database model: Key-value. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/Valkey).

### 103. GemFire (Ge)

DB-Engines popularity score: 2.55. Database model: Key-value, Multi-model. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/GemFire).

## Wide column

Data organized in column families

### 12. Apache Cassandra (Ca)

DB-Engines popularity score: 93.96. Database model: Wide column, Multi-model. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/Apache+Cassandra).

### 33. Apache HBase (Hb)

DB-Engines popularity score: 18.56. Database model: Wide column. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/Apache+HBase).

### 65. ScyllaDB (Sc)

DB-Engines popularity score: 4.88. Database model: Wide column, Multi-model. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/ScyllaDB).

### 83. Datastax Enterprise (Ds)

DB-Engines popularity score: 3.18. Database model: Wide column, Multi-model. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/Datastax+Enterprise).

### 100. Microsoft Azure Table Storage (At)

DB-Engines popularity score: 2.64. Database model: Wide column. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/Microsoft+Azure+Table+Storage).

### 104. Apache Accumulo (Am)

DB-Engines popularity score: 2.54. Database model: Wide column. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/Apache+Accumulo).

### 105. Google Cloud Bigtable (Bt)

DB-Engines popularity score: 2.52. Database model: Multi-model. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/Google+Cloud+Bigtable).

## Search engine

Indexing and information retrieval

### 11. Elasticsearch (Es)

DB-Engines popularity score: 95.50. Database model: Multi-model. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/Elasticsearch).

### 14. Splunk (Sp)

DB-Engines popularity score: 71.68. Database model: Search engine. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/Splunk).

### 21. Apache Solr (So)

DB-Engines popularity score: 34.03. Database model: Search engine, Multi-model. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/Apache+Solr).

### 30. OpenSearch (Os)

DB-Engines popularity score: 22.11. Database model: Multi-model. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/OpenSearch).

### 56. Algolia (Al)

DB-Engines popularity score: 6.61. Database model: Search engine. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/Algolia).

### 57. Microsoft Azure AI Search (As)

DB-Engines popularity score: 6.57. Database model: Search engine, Multi-model. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/Microsoft+Azure+AI+Search).

### 62. Sphinx (Sx)

DB-Engines popularity score: 5.93. Database model: Search engine. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/Sphinx).

### 114. Coveo (Cv)

DB-Engines popularity score: 2.22. Database model: Search engine. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/Coveo).

## Time series

Measurements over time

### 29. InfluxDB (Ix)

DB-Engines popularity score: 22.30. Database model: Time Series, Multi-model. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/InfluxDB).

### 47. Prometheus (Pm)

DB-Engines popularity score: 8.99. Database model: Time Series. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/Prometheus).

### 49. Kdb (Kd)

DB-Engines popularity score: 8.42. Database model: Multi-model. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/Kdb).

### 63. TimescaleDB (Ts)

DB-Engines popularity score: 5.92. Database model: Time Series, Multi-model. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/TimescaleDB).

### 66. DolphinDB (Do)

DB-Engines popularity score: 4.83. Database model: Multi-model. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/DolphinDB).

### 69. Apache Druid (Dr)

DB-Engines popularity score: 4.36. Database model: Multi-model. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/Apache+Druid).

### 71. Graphite (Gr)

DB-Engines popularity score: 4.26. Database model: Time Series. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/Graphite).

### 85. QuestDB (Qu)

DB-Engines popularity score: 3.13. Database model: Time Series, Multi-model. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/QuestDB).

### 90. TDengine (Td)

DB-Engines popularity score: 3.02. Database model: Time Series, Multi-model. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/TDengine).

### 96. Apache IoTDB (Io)

DB-Engines popularity score: 2.76. Database model: Time Series. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/Apache+IoTDB).

## Vector

Similarity and semantic retrieval

### 46. Pinecone (Pi)

DB-Engines popularity score: 9.07. Database model: Vector. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/Pinecone).

### 53. Milvus (Mv)

DB-Engines popularity score: 6.85. Database model: Vector. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/Milvus).

### 54. Qdrant (Qd)

DB-Engines popularity score: 6.82. Database model: Vector. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/Qdrant).

### 67. Weaviate (We)

DB-Engines popularity score: 4.74. Database model: Vector. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/Weaviate).

### 92. Chroma (Cm)

DB-Engines popularity score: 2.98. Database model: Vector. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/Chroma).

## Graph

Connected data, relationships, and RDF triples

### 20. Neo4j (Nj)

DB-Engines popularity score: 47.17. Database model: Graph. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/Neo4j).

### 98. Amazon Neptune (Np)

DB-Engines popularity score: 2.75. Database model: Multi-model. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/Amazon+Neptune).

### 106. OrientDB (Od)

DB-Engines popularity score: 2.50. Database model: Multi-model. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/OrientDB).

### 107. Apache Jena - TDB (Je)

DB-Engines popularity score: 2.40. Database model: RDF. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/Apache+Jena+-+TDB).

### 108. GraphDB (Gg)

DB-Engines popularity score: 2.38. Database model: Multi-model. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/GraphDB).

### 109. Virtuoso (Vi)

DB-Engines popularity score: 2.36. Database model: Multi-model. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/Virtuoso).

### 117. Stardog (St)

DB-Engines popularity score: 2.15. Database model: Multi-model. [DB-Engines profile](https://db-engines.com/en/system/Stardog).

## Frequently asked questions

### What is the periodic table of databases?

A visual index of the 118 most popular database management systems, arranged in the layout of the chemical periodic table. Each database's element number is its DB-Engines popularity rank, and its color is the database model it is best known for.

### Where does the ranking come from?

From the DB-Engines Ranking, September 2026 edition. DB-Engines scores each system by search interest, job postings, professional-network mentions, and developer discussion, then publishes a new ranking every month.

### Why are ranks 57–71 and 89–103 in separate rows?

Because the chemical periodic table puts the lanthanides (elements 57–71) and actinides (89–103) in two detached rows beneath the main body. The database table keeps the same shape, so those ranks sit in the same place.

### How often is the table updated?

DB-Engines republishes its ranking monthly, and the table is refreshed from new snapshots. Each database's detail view shows its previous-month rank, so you can see who moved.

### Which of these databases does Bytebase support?

Bytebase supports the most widely used relational and NoSQL engines on the table, including PostgreSQL, MySQL, SQL Server, Oracle, MongoDB, Snowflake, ClickHouse, Redis, MariaDB, TiDB, and Spanner. [See supported databases](https://docs.bytebase.com/introduction/supported-databases).

## Get Started

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